Everything about Eberswalde Crater totally explained
Eberswalde crater, formerly known as
Holden NE crater, is a partially buried
impact crater in
Margaritifer Terra,
Mars. The 65.3 km diameter crater, centered at 24°S, 33°W, is named after the
German town
of the same name, in accordance with the
International Astronomical Union's rules for
planetary nomenclature. It is a proposed landing site for the future Mars rover,
Mars Science Laboratory.
Landforms in the crater provide strong evidence of the prior existence of flowing water on Mars.
Eberswalde Delta
The crater contains a
fossilized and exhumed
delta which was formed by the flow of a liquid, most likely water. The series of valleys leading into the delta "
drain" an area of approximately 4000 km². The surface area of the delta is 115 km², measuring 13 km by 11 km. The delta was discovered by Michael Malin and Kenneth Edgett of
Malin Space Science Systems through imagery taken by the
Mars Global Surveyor in 2003.
The delta also provides unambiguous evidence that some Martian sedimentary rocks have been deposited in a liquid. The meandering of the channels provides evidence to support this. Additional sediments were deposited on top of the delta, burying it. The deposits in the channels formed sedimentary rock. As the surrounding softer sediments were eroded away, the delta was exhumed, but inverted.
Based on an estimate by Moore et. al in 2003 of flow volume to the crater at 700
m3/s, it's estimated that it would take twenty years to completely fill the crater, ignoring
evaporation and
infiltration. However, this is unlikely because it's hypothesized that the delta wasn't formed in a permanent lake but rather a series of short lacustrine episodes on the order of years. This suggests that the Martian climate at the
Noachian epoch time of formation was characterized by a series of short, wet spells rather than a sustained wet climate.
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